A transformer is a static device which is used to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to the other. It works on the principle of mutual inductance. Since, there is no mutual inductance in D.C. circuits therefore, a transformer cannot work on D.C. and thus it can work only on A.C.
A transformer consists of two types of coils or windings:
1. Primary:
The coil connected to the source of supply is called primary winding or only ‘primary’.
2. Secondary:
The coil connected to the load is called secondary winding or only ‘secondary’.
A transformer has a single primary whereas it may have one or more secondaries.
ADVANTAGES OF TRANSFORMERS
1. The transfer of electrical energy takes place in a static mode and no part of the transformer moves at all. Hence, the transfer of electrical energy does not require any mechanical energy or any operator for looking after it.
2. The transfer of electrical energy is almost peaceful, whereas in mechanical methods the operation of machines produces heavy noise.
3. Since, the secondary circuit of the transformer rests isolated from the primary circuit; therefore, the use of a transformer in electronic equipments reduces the possibilities of a shock to the mechanic on touching the chassis etc.
4. A transformer can increase or decrease either voltage or current as required and it is its main advantage.
5. Since the transformer is a static device, therefore, its wear and tear is almost nil and it does not require much maintenance.
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